Appendix A: Emergency Firmware Recovery

APPENDIX A. FIRMWARE RECOVERY

Main Document: TR-100E User Manual

This appendix describes TR-100E firmware recovery using bootloader tools. Use this procedure if the standard Web interface does not open, an update ended with an error, or TR-100E reports an invalid application.

The bootloader provides two recovery methods:

• Restore firmware — reinstall a previously uploaded firmware image;
• Recovery mode — load a new .ota firmware file from a computer over Ethernet and install it.

For recovery, you need:

• a TR-100E firmware file in .ota format — for Recovery mode;
• a computer with a Web browser and Ethernet interface — for Recovery mode;
• an Ethernet cable to connect the computer to TR-100E directly or through a network switch.

Equipment Safety

In bootloader mode, TR-100E does not monitor temperature and does not control relays. Before beginning recovery, place any connected equipment in a safe state and arrange independent monitoring if necessary.

Power Supply

Do not disconnect power after starting firmware installation, when Update firmware is displayed on the display. If power is interrupted, the next time the device powers on, the bootloader will display Previous update: Interrupted and automatically resume the installation of the saved firmware image.

A.1 Entering the Bootloader Menu

1. Disconnect power from TR-100E.
2. Press and hold the Menu button (MENU).
3. While holding the button, apply power to TR-100E.
4. After the TR100E BootLoader v1.2 splash screen appears, release the button. After a few seconds, the Boot menu screen will open.

To navigate the menu, use:

• UP/DOWN — move the cursor;
• SET — execute the selected action;
• MENU — cancel and proceed to run the installed application.

The menu contains the following items:

Item	Purpose
Run application	Run the installed firmware. If it is corrupted, the message Run application: Application invalid will appear
Restore firmware	Install the previously uploaded .ota firmware image
Recovery mode	Start the service Web interface for uploading a new .ota firmware image

A.2 Restoring a Previously Uploaded Firmware Image

This method does not require a computer. Use it if the update file was completely loaded into TR-100E before the failure.

1. Enter the bootloader menu according to section A.1.
2. Use the UP/DOWN buttons to select Restore firmware and press SET.
3. Wait for the verification and installation of the firmware to complete. The progress is displayed as a percentage from 0 to 100%.
4. After the message Done, start app appears, TR-100E will automatically start the restored firmware.

If Image not found, Image invalid, or Operation failed appears, load a new .ota file according to section A.3. After an error message, the bootloader will attempt to run the installed firmware. To re-enter the menu, power on TR-100E again while holding the MENU button.

A.3 Loading a New Firmware Image via Recovery Mode

A.3.1 Connecting the Device

1. Disconnect the computer from other networks with addresses 192.168.1.x to avoid routing conflicts.
2. Connect TR-100E and the computer with an Ethernet cable directly or through a network switch.
3. Enter the bootloader menu according to section A.1.
4. Select Recovery mode and press SET.
5. Wait for the Recovery mode screen. It displays the TR-100E IP address and MAC address.

In recovery mode, fixed network parameters are used:

Parameter	Value
TR-100E IP address	192.168.1.48
Subnet mask	255.255.255.0
TR-100E gateway	192.168.1.1
Web interface TCP port	80

6. In the IPv4 properties of the computer’s Ethernet interface, disable automatic address assignment and temporarily set, for example:
   • IP address — 192.168.1.2;
   • subnet mask — 255.255.255.0;
   • default gateway and DNS server — leave empty.
7. Open the address http://192.168.1.48 in a browser. The TR-100E Recovery page should appear.

Recovery mode does not use DHCP and network settings from the main firmware. The address 192.168.1.48 remains unchanged regardless of previous TR-100E configuration.

A.3.2 Uploading and Verifying the File

1. On the TR-100E Recovery page, click the file selection field and select the TR-100E firmware file with the .ota extension.
2. Click Send and wait for the file to be transferred to TR-100E.
3. Wait for the value percent=100%. After receiving the file, the bootloader verifies the firmware image format, device compatibility, and data checksum.
4. Confirm that the status field shows imageValid=true, lastError=0, and the Firmware button is now available.

If the upload is interrupted before clicking Firmware, the installed firmware will not be changed. Without rebooting TR-100E, select the file and click Send again: the incomplete upload will be replaced with the new one.

A.3.3 Installing the Firmware

1. Click Firmware. A message Rebooting… will appear on the page, after which TR-100E will restart and begin installation.
2. Do not disconnect power or press buttons. The display shows the firmware verification and installation stages.
3. Wait for the Done message and the automatic startup of TR-100E.
4. After the main screen appears, check the firmware version and verify the functionality of the measurement channels and relays.
5. Restore the original IPv4 settings for the computer’s Ethernet interface.

Before installation, the bootloader verifies the compatibility, integrity, and authenticity of the file. A corrupted file, a file modified after release, or a file intended for a different device cannot be installed.

A.4 Bootloader Messages

Message	Cause and Action
Image not found	The previously uploaded firmware image was not found. Perform the upload according to section A.3
Image invalid	Invalid firmware image format or parameters. Obtain a valid .ota file for TR-100E
Operation failed	Failed to verify or install the firmware. Re-upload a known valid file; if the problem persists, contact the service organization
Previous update: Interrupted	The previous installation was interrupted. The bootloader automatically resumes it from the saved firmware image
Previous update: Failed	The previous installation ended with an error. Enter Recovery mode and upload a valid firmware image
Boot warning: Key not set	TR-100E does not have the data required to verify the firmware file. Contact the service organization
Run application: Application invalid	Manual run was selected, but the installed firmware is corrupted or missing. Perform recovery according to section A.2 or A.3
Boot error: Application invalid	The installed firmware is corrupted or missing. Perform recovery according to section A.2 or A.3
Clock error: HSE start failed	Failed to start the system clock generator. TR-100E will restart automatically; if the problem persists, contact the service organization
Ethernet error: MAC read failed	Failed to read the TR-100E network address. Restart the device; if the problem persists, contact the service organization
Ethernet error: ETH config failed	Failed to configure the Ethernet interface. Check the connection and restart Recovery mode; if the problem persists, contact the service organization
Ethernet error: LwIP init failed	Failed to start the network service. Restart Recovery mode; if the problem persists, contact the service organization

If the recovery page does not open:

• confirm that the Recovery mode screen and the address 192.168.1.48 are displayed on the display;
• check the Ethernet connection indicators on TR-100E and the computer’s network adapter;
• verify that the computer’s address belongs to the 192.168.1.0/24 network but does not match 192.168.1.48;
• temporarily disable VPN and other network interfaces on the computer;
• open exactly http://192.168.1.48, without https;
• verify that the firewall does not block TCP port 80 on the local network.

If recovery does not complete after re-uploading a valid file, record the text of the message on the display, the lastError status on the Recovery page, and the device MAC address, then contact the service organization.